VectorHop
Source Ledger

Content Source Ledger

Every external source we have evaluated, with its exact licence posture. Nothing enters product content unless it appears here as Tier A with commercial use confirmed.

The dominant failure mode is version drift. IM first edition is CC BY but v.360 is CC BY-NC. Open Up Resources 6–8 first and second editions are CC BY but the third edition, K–5, and high school are CC BY-NC. OpenStax was CC BY and is now CC BY-NC-SA. Siyavula unbranded is CC BY but branded is CC BY-ND. Every one of these is the same brand, the same URL family, and a different licence. Record the edition vintage and capture date on ingest, or you will not be able to prove which one you took. Trademarks survive every CC licence — strip all branding regardless.
43
Sources evaluated
23
Tier A (adaptable)
9
Tier B (reference)
11
Tier C (excluded)

Tier A — adapt freely, with attribution

Verified open licences that permit commercial adaptation. These are the only sources whose content may enter the product, and every derived item must carry its provenance columns.

Kenney.nl asset packs

Kenney · Current

Tier Acommercial: yesasset

UI audio, digital audio, and impact sound packs, plus game art.

Licence
CC0source
What we use it for
Interaction sounds and feedback audio. No attribution required.

Open Peeps and Humaaans

Pablo Stanley · Current

Tier Acommercial: yesasset

Modular, hand-drawn, kid-friendly character illustrations.

Licence
CC0source
What we use it for
Character art in scenes and worksheets. The cleanest licence of any illustration set.
Notes
Preferred over unDraw and DrawKit, which both ban AI/ML training, and over Storyset, which requires visible attribution on the free tier.

Illustrative Mathematics K-12 Math

Illustrative Mathematics · FIRST EDITION, © 2019-2021

Tier Acommercial: yescurriculum

Full K-12 scope and sequence, lessons, practice problems, and cool-downs, with the widest grade coverage available under CC BY.

Licence
CC BY 4.0source
What we use it for
K-12 progression reference and problem structure.
Exclusions and gotchas
IM registered trademarks are excluded from the licence — strip all IM branding.
Required attribution
Based on IM® K-12 Math by Illustrative Mathematics®, licensed CC BY 4.0.
Notes
VERSION TRAP: the 2024 v.360 edition is CC BY-NC. Pin the first-edition vintage on every ingested artifact or the provenance cannot be defended later.

Open Up Resources 6-8 Math

Open Up Resources · 1st & 2nd edition

Tier Acommercial: yescurriculum

The IM 6-8 curriculum in a directly usable package, student and teacher materials.

Licence
CC BY 4.0source
What we use it for
Grade 6-8 sequencing, with all GeoGebra-generated images scrubbed and regenerated.
Exclusions and gotchas
OUR and IM names, logos, covers, and iconography excluded. Images created with GeoGebra carry GeoGebra's own non-commercial terms. Spanish-language-text images are not CC BY.
Required attribution
Adapted from Open Up Resources 6-8 Math, licensed CC BY 4.0. Download for free at openupresources.org.
Notes
The 3rd edition, the K-5 materials, and all high-school materials are CC BY-NC — different licence, same brand and URL family.

Pre-1931 US mathematics texts

Ray, Milne, Wentworth, Hall & Knight, Euclid · Public domain editions via Project Gutenberg / Internet Archive

Tier Acommercial: yescurriculum

Enormous drill volume, worked methods, and the classical mental-arithmetic progressions.

Licence
Public domain (US, published before 1931)source
What we use it for
Classical-track problem structure and mental arithmetic ladders.
Exclusions and gotchas
Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark and may not be used if you charge for the ebooks — strip the PG header, footer, and every PG reference, after which the text is unrestricted.
Notes
Requires OCR cleanup, modernisation of archaic units (rods, gills), and replacement of dated contexts.

Siyavula Everything Maths

Siyavula · Unbranded versions, Grades 4-12 (CAPS)

Tier Acommercial: yescurriculum

Complete Grade 4-12 textbooks with worked examples and large exercise banks.

Licence
CC BY 3.0 Unportedsource
What we use it for
Secondary exercise banks and worked-example structure, re-sequenced from CAPS to US grades.
Exclusions and gotchas
Only the UNBRANDED versions are CC BY 3.0; the branded PDFs are CC BY-ND and cannot be adapted. IT/CAT titles are closed copyright.
Required attribution
Adapted from Everything Maths by Siyavula, licensed CC BY 3.0.
Notes
Underused in the US market precisely because it is CAPS-aligned; the re-sequencing cost is real but one-time.

Utah Middle School Math Project

University of Utah · 7th & 8th grade student workbooks + teacher materials

Tier Acommercial: yescurriculum

A complete, printable, chapter-structured middle-school curriculum. The only full, adaptable, commercially clean middle-school curriculum found.

Licence
CC BY 4.0source
What we use it for
Grade 7-8 topic sequencing and problem structure. Start here.
Exclusions and gotchas
University of Utah trademarks are not licensed.
Required attribution
Adapted from the Utah Middle School Math Project, © The University of Utah, licensed CC BY 4.0.
Notes
Licence text: released under CC BY 4.0 allowing free sharing, adaptation, and redistribution for any reason with proper attribution. The project site was unreachable at research time; the licence was verified via a third-party copyright notice and PDFs hosted at uen.org.

Washington OSPI Open Educational Resources

WA Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction · Current

Tier Acommercial: yescurriculum

State-authored math OER, instructional routines, and rubrics.

Licence
CC BY 4.0 for OSPI-authored contentsource
What we use it for
Routines and rubrics. Small volume but clean and growing.
Exclusions and gotchas
The hub also aggregates third-party items under mixed licences — check per item, never bulk ingest.

AQuA-RAT and MathQA

DeepMind / AllenAI · Apache 2.0 releases

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

100k algebraic word problems with rationales, plus 37k annotated with formal operation programs useful for step verification.

Licence
Apache 2.0source
What we use it for
Operation-program structure for step decomposition.
Notes
Crowd-sourced and noisy; rationales and some answers are wrong. Filter hard.

GSM8K

OpenAI · 2021 release

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

8.5k human-written grade-school word problems with natural step-by-step solutions — almost exactly the shape a step-based tutor needs.

Licence
MITsource
What we use it for
Seed corpus for step-DAG decomposition and word-problem structure extraction.

MATH dataset

Hendrycks et al. · MIT release

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

12.5k competition problems in LaTeX across 7 subjects and 5 difficulty levels.

Licence
MITsource
What we use it for
High-school and enrichment items.
Notes
Upstream provenance is thin (competition-sourced) even though the release is MIT. Too hard for most K-8.

MAWPS

Roy et al. · CC BY 4.0 release

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

~3.3k math word problems.

Licence
CC BY 4.0source
What we use it for
Word-problem templates. Small but clean.

MetaMathQA

MetaMath · MIT release

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

395k augmented problems derived only from GSM8K and MATH train splits (no test leakage).

Licence
MITsource
What we use it for
Problem variation patterns.

OpenMathInstruct-2

NVIDIA · CC BY 4.0 release

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

14M problem-solution pairs built from GSM8K and MATH training splits.

Licence
CC BY 4.0source
What we use it for
Solution-style reference and step-explainer training data. Attribution required.
Required attribution
Includes material from OpenMathInstruct-2 by NVIDIA, licensed CC BY 4.0.

Orca-Math word problems 200k

Microsoft · MIT release

Tier Acommercial: yesdataset

200k grade-school word problems.

Licence
MITsource
What we use it for
Bulk word-problem variation, only after CAS verification.
Notes
Answers are GPT-4-Turbo generated and contain errors. Every item must be independently CAS-verified before it reaches a child.

Lexend, Atkinson Hyperlegible, Andika, OpenDyslexic

Various · Current

Tier Acommercial: yesfont

Kid-readability fonts: Lexend (reduces visual stress), Atkinson Hyperlegible (maximum character distinction — 6/b/9, I/l/1, O/0, which matters enormously in math), Andika (literacy learners), OpenDyslexic (accessibility toggle).

Licence
SIL OFL 1.1source
What we use it for
Lexend as the default UI face, Atkinson Hyperlegible for numerals and expressions.
Exclusions and gotchas
Reserved font names may not be used on derivatives; fonts may be bundled and sold WITH software but not sold by themselves.

Lucide, Tabler, Heroicons, Phosphor, Iconoir, Bootstrap Icons

Various · Current

Tier Acommercial: yesicon

Permissively licensed icon sets, no attribution required.

Licence
ISC / MITsource
What we use it for
Lucide is already the project default. Tabler for breadth.
Notes
Avoid Font Awesome Free: it is a three-way licence split (CC BY 4.0 icons / OFL fonts / MIT code) and does require attribution.

ACARA Australian Curriculum V9 Mathematics

ACARA · Version 9

Tier Acommercial: conditionalstandards

Full Foundation-Year 10 mathematics curriculum with elaborations.

Licence
CC BY 4.0 unless indicated otherwisesource
What we use it for
International structural cross-check, filtered for exclusions.
Exclusions and gotchas
Third-party material, logos, photos, videos, and teacher-support resources are excluded; the National Literacy Learning Progressions are CC BY-NC.

Common Standards Project API (and ASN)

Common Standards Project / Achievement Standards Network · Current

Tier Acommercial: yesstandards

Machine-readable JSON of standards for all 50 states plus organisations, with a per-record licence field.

Licence
CC BY 3.0 (via ASN)source
What we use it for
The standards-alignment spine for all 50 states. Highest effort-to-value ratio on the list.
Exclusions and gotchas
ASN must be identified as the source visibly to end users.

England National Curriculum, mathematics programmes of study

UK Department for Education · Current

Tier Acommercial: yesstandards

KS1-KS4 programmes of study.

Licence
Open Government Licence v3.0source
What we use it for
UK crosswalk, and a future UK market version. The most permissive national standards document mapped.
Required attribution
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

DeepMind mathematics_dataset

Google DeepMind · Apache 2.0 release

Tier Acommercial: yestool

GENERATOR CODE for roughly 2M synthetic items across algebra, arithmetic, comparison, measurement, numbers, polynomials, and probability.

Licence
Apache 2.0source
What we use it for
Unlimited provenance-clean drill items. Needs a presentation layer; the phrasing is terse.
Notes
The single cleanest source of practice volume available: generated items cannot collide with anyone's copyrighted bank.

KaTeX, MathJax, MathLive, JSXGraph, Mafs, Excalidraw

Various · Current

Tier Acommercial: yestool

Math rendering (KaTeX/MathJax), student math input (MathLive), interactive geometry and plotting (JSXGraph MIT arm, Mafs), and hand-drawn diagrams (Excalidraw).

Licence
MIT / Apache 2.0 / dual LGPL-MITsource
What we use it for
KaTeX as default renderer, MathLive for equation entry, Mafs and JSXGraph for interactive visuals.
Notes
Since GeoGebra, Polypad, Didax, and Toy Theater are all closed to commercial use, our own manipulatives must be built on Mafs and JSXGraph. Manipulative concepts are unprotectable pedagogy; only specific implementations are protected.

SymPy

SymPy Development Team · Current

Tier Acommercial: yestool

Computer algebra system for independently verifying every generated answer and intermediate step.

Licence
BSD-3-Clausesource
What we use it for
The verification layer. Non-negotiable for a K-12 product: shipping a wrong answer to a child is worse than any licensing issue.

Tier B — alignment, reference, or conditional

Usable as codes, links, and structural reference, or usable only under conditions we have not yet satisfied. Do not ingest prose or items from these without a specific decision.

Lumen Learning courses

Lumen Learning · Current

Tier Bcommercial: conditionalcurriculum

Prealgebra and College Algebra course shells.

Licence
CC BY-SAsource
What we use it for
Reference only. ShareAlike would viralise any derivative and is incompatible with proprietary content.

OpenStax (archived CC BY snapshots)

OpenStax / Rice University · Editions distributed under CC BY 4.0 before the relicence

Tier Bcommercial: conditionalcurriculum

Prealgebra, Algebra & Trigonometry, and other titles as they stood when distributed under CC BY.

Licence
CC BY 4.0 at time of that distribution (current catalog is CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)source
What we use it for
Blocked pending counsel.
Notes
CC licences are irrevocable, so a verifiably archived copy distributed under CC BY 4.0 stays CC BY 4.0 for the duration of copyright. That requires hard provenance — an Internet Archive snapshot showing the CC BY notice on that exact edition, captured and stored. It is a real path and exactly the kind of claim that must survive scrutiny. Get counsel before relying on it.

NuminaMath-CoT / OpenR1-Math / Big-Math / MegaMath

Various · Current

Tier Bcommercial: conditionaldataset

Large CoT problem corpora.

Licence
Apache 2.0 / ODC-BY as applied by the compilersource
What we use it for
Only the GSM8K/MATH-derived and synthetic subsets. Audit the source column and drop the AMC/AoPS splits.
Exclusions and gotchas
Includes AoPS forum posts, AMC/AIME problems, and Chinese exam papers OCR'd from PDFs. A permissive tag applied downstream cannot grant rights in scraped third-party content.

SVAMP

Patel et al. · MIT release

Tier Bcommercial: conditionaldataset

1k challenge variations of existing word problems.

Licence
MIT (as applied)source
What we use it for
MAWPS-derived items only. Filter by source field.
Exclusions and gotchas
Constructed by varying ASDiv-a (CC BY-NC) and MAWPS (CC BY) problems. The MIT tag cannot launder the NC upstream.

NAEP released questions

NCES (contractor-authored) · Current

Tier Bcommercial: unverifieditem_bank

3,000+ released assessment items.

Licence
Unclear; not published in a fetchable formsource
What we use it for
Do not ingest. Item FORMAT may inform our own item design.
Notes
17 USC 105 covers works by federal EMPLOYEES; NAEP items are built by contractors, and the legislative history deliberately avoids prohibiting copyright in contractor works. This is the most commonly asserted and weakest "it is a government work" claim in edtech.

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics

NGA Center / CCSSO · 2010

Tier Bcommercial: conditionalstandards

The US alignment spine: standard codes and text.

Licence
Public licence: royalty-free right to copy, publish, distribute, and displaysource
What we use it for
Codes and links as alignment metadata only. Never present an EzSteps paraphrase as the standard text.
Exclusions and gotchas
Does NOT permit revising or recasting the standards, or selling the standards themselves.
Required attribution
© Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved.

Japan MEXT Course of Study (English translations)

MEXT · Current

Tier Bcommercial: unverifiedstandards

Japanese curriculum structure and grade placement.

Licence
No open grant foundsource
What we use it for
Reference for the Japanese crosswalk only.

Machine-Readable TEKS

Texas Education Agency · Current CASE API

Tier Bcommercial: conditionalstandards

Texas standards as a certified API and CSV.

Licence
TEA copyright; districts and publishers may use for alignment taggingsource
What we use it for
State crosswalk codes. Verbatim bulk republication is not permitted.

Singapore MOE mathematics syllabuses

Singapore Ministry of Education · Current

Tier Bcommercial: nostandards

Primary and secondary syllabus structure.

Licence
Personal and non-commercial use only, all rights reservedsource
What we use it for
Reference for the Singapore crosswalk only. The bar-model METHOD is an unprotectable idea and may be implemented freely; the syllabus document may not be reproduced.

Tier C — do not ingest (and the screening corpus)

Deliberately excluded. Keep copies offline and out of the product purely as a near-duplicate screening set: any generated item that lands too close to one of these gets rejected regardless of how it was produced. That is the difference between "we were careful" and "we can show we were careful".

CK-12 FlexBooks

CK-12 Foundation · Current

Tier Ccommercial: nocurriculum

K-12 concepts and practice.

Licence
CK-12 Curriculum Materials License (formerly CC BY-NC 3.0)source
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.
Notes
ToS §4.6 explicitly bans scraping content for the purpose of training, developing, or improving any machine learning or AI models. This is contract, not just copyright.

EngageNY / Eureka Math

NYSED / Great Minds · Original NYSED release

Tier Ccommercial: nocurriculum

Full K-12 curriculum.

Licence
CC BY-NC-SAsource
What we use it for
Screening corpus only. The NC is fatal and the SA would viralise our content. Great Minds' Eureka is separately all-rights-reserved.

Khan Academy

Khan Academy · Current

Tier Ccommercial: nocurriculum

Videos and exercises.

Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0source
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.

Mathematics Vision Project and Fishtank Learning

MVP / Match Education · Current

Tier Ccommercial: nocurriculum

Integrated HS math and full K-12 curriculum.

Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Fishtank ToS is more restrictive still)source
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.
Notes
MVP sits next to Utah's CC BY materials on the same state OER hubs and is frequently mistaken for CC BY.

NCERT textbooks

NCERT (India) · Current

Tier Ccommercial: nocurriculum

CBSE-aligned textbooks.

Licence
All rights reservedsource
What we use it for
Not usable. NCERT has issued public infringement warnings to publishers.

OpenStax current catalog

OpenStax / Rice University · Current (incl. K-12 Algebra 1, 2025)

Tier Ccommercial: nocurriculum

College and HS textbooks.

Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0source
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.
Notes
RED FLAG: "OpenStax is CC BY" was true historically and is repeated everywhere; it is no longer true. Any blog post or LibGuide saying otherwise is stale.

ASDiv

Miao et al. · Current

Tier Ccommercial: nodataset

2.3k diverse word problems.

Licence
CC BY-NC 4.0source
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.
Notes
RED FLAG: routinely bundled with MIT-licensed datasets in "open math datasets" lists. It is not commercially usable, and it contaminates SVAMP.

AMC / AIME / MATHCOUNTS archives

MAA / MATHCOUNTS · All

Tier Ccommercial: noitem_bank

Competition problems.

Licence
All rights reservedsource
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.
Notes
Sites hosting these do so under negotiated permission, not a public licence. These problems leak into NuminaMath and MATH — a laundering path not to be relied on.

NRICH, Open Middle, Mathematics Assessment Project (MARS)

Cambridge / Open Middle / Shell Centre · Current

Tier Ccommercial: noitem_bank

Rich investigations, open-middle problems, formative assessment lessons.

Licence
Non-commercial (MARS is CC BY-NC-ND — NC and ND)source
What we use it for
Screening corpus only. The problem GENRES (open middle, which-one-doesn't-belong, notice-and-wonder) are unprotectable ideas and we may author our own items in those formats — but "Open Middle" is a registered trademark and the name may not be used.

State released test items (NY, STAAR, MCAS, Smarter Balanced)

Various state agencies · Current

Tier Ccommercial: noitem_bank

Released assessment items.

Licence
Non-commercial / personal use only, per statesource
What we use it for
Screening corpus only.
Notes
State works get no 17 USC 105 benefit at all, and every release checked asserts non-commercial or personal-use-only terms.

Mathigon / Polypad, GeoGebra, Didax, Toy Theater

Amplify / GeoGebra / Didax · Current

Tier Ccommercial: notool

Interactive manipulatives and dynamic geometry.

Licence
Non-commercial; commercial use requires a signed agreementsource
What we use it for
Not usable. Build our own manipulatives on Mafs and JSXGraph instead.
Notes
Mathigon's npm code libraries (@mathigon/core, fermat, euclid, boost) ARE separately open and usable; the textbook content repo says all rights reserved. GeoGebra's terms also contaminate GeoGebra-produced images embedded inside otherwise-CC BY OER, which is why OUR images must be scrubbed.

Adaptation rules

  • Rewriting a non-commercial source with an LLM does not launder it. Creative Commons’ own position is that the NC restriction covers every stage from copying the data through sharing anything trained on it. Feeding EngageNY, Khan, CK-12, OpenStax, MVP, or Fishtank into a model to produce commercial content is a copyright question, not a workaround.
  • Mathematical structure is free; expression is not. Facts, formulas, theorems, and routine problems are not copyrightable, and the merger doctrine covers cases where an idea admits only one effective expression. What is protectable is the narrative dressing, the artwork, the explanatory prose, and the selection and arrangement of a problem set.
  • LLM output is largely unprotectable. Per the US Copyright Office, works generated entirely by AI are not copyrightable and prompts alone are not authorship. The moat is the curated sequencing, the step-decomposition schema, the difficulty calibration, and the software — not the raw items. Keep records of human editorial input on anything you might want to claim.
  • Verify every generated answer with a CAS before it reaches a child. Shipping a wrong answer is a worse failure than any licensing issue, and several of the tier-A datasets contain model-generated answers that are simply wrong.
  • Screen in both directions. Deduplicate internally with MinHash/LSH plus embedding similarity, and screen generated items against the offline tier-C corpus. Reject anything that lands too close, regardless of how it was produced.
  • Carry provenance on every content row — source id, licence SPDX, licence URL, attribution string, modification note, ingest date, edition vintage. This turns a future licence audit into a query instead of an archaeology project.

Researched 2026-08-30. This is engineering research, not legal advice. The archived-OpenStax question and the exact tier-A attribution rendering should get counsel before commercial release.